Externalising moods and psychological states in a cloud based system to enhance a pet-robot and child’s interaction

Background:This PATRICIA research project is about using pet robots to reduce pain and anxiety in hospitalized children. The study began 2 years ago and it is believed that the advances made in this project are significant. Patients, parents, nurses, psycholo- gists, and engineers have adopted the Pleo robot, a baby dinosaur robotic pet, which works in different ways to assist children during hospitalization. Methods: Focus is spent on creating a wireless communication system with the Pleo in order to help the coordinator, who conducts therapy with the child, monitor, under- stand, and control Pleo’s behavior at any moment. This article reports how this techno- logical function is being developed and tested. Results: Wireless communication between the Pleo and an Android device is achieved. The developed Android app allows the user to obtain any state of the robot without stopping its interaction with the patient. Moreover, information is sent to a cloud, so that robot moods, states and interactions can be shared among different robots. Conclusions: Pleo attachment was successful for more than 1 month, working with children in therapy, which makes the investment capable of positive therapeutic possibilities. This technical improvement in the Pleo addresses two key issues in social robotics: needing an enhanced response to maintain the attention and engagement of the child, and using the system as a platform to collect the states of the child’s progress for clinical purposes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Altered gene expression signature of early stages of the germ line supports the pre-meiotic origin of human spermatogenic failure

The molecular basis of spermatogenic failure (SpF) is still largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that a series of specific events such as meiosis, are determined at the early stage of spermatogenesis. This study aims to assess the expression profile of pre-meiotic genes of infertile testicular biopsies that might help to define the molecular phenotype associated with human deficiency of sperm production. An accurate quantification of testicular mRNA levels of genes expressed in spermatogonia was carried out by RT-qPCR in individuals showing SpF owing to germ cell maturation defects, Sertoli cell-only syndrome or conserved spermatogenesis. In addition, the gene expression profile of SpF was compared with that of testicular tumour, which is considered to be a severe developmental disease of germ cell differentiation. Protein expression from selected genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that SpF is accompanied by differences in expression of certain genes associated with spermatogonia in the absence of any apparent morphological and/or numerical change in this specific cell type. In SpF testicular samples, we observed down-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle (CCNE1 and POLD1), transcription and post-transcription regulation (DAZL, RBM15 and DICER1), protein degradation (FBXO32 and TM9SF2) and homologous recombination in meiosis (MRE11A and RAD50) which suggests that the expression of these genes is critical for a proper germ cell development. Interestingly, a decrease in the CCNE1, DAZL, RBM15 and STRA8 cellular transcript levels was also observed, suggesting that the gene expression capacity of spermatogonia is altered in SpF contributing to an unsuccessful sperm production. Altogether, these data point to the spermatogenic derangement being already determined at, or arising in, the initial stages of the germ line

Externalising Moods and Psychological States to Smooth Pet-robot/Child Interaction through Bluetooth Communication

Nowadays have already passed more than two years since PATRICIA research project about using pet robots to reduce pain and anxiety in hospitalized children was started and the advances made are more than significant. Patients, parents, nurses, psychologists, engineers... all of them have adopted with illusion Pleo robot, a kind of robotic pet, working hard looking for new procedures and new solutions to the current pediatrics diseases. From this work, a technological contribution is provided going one step beyond to what seems a long path. Concretely, it is wanted to develop a system to wirelessly communicate with Pleo in order to help the coordinator who leads the therapy with the kid, to understand and control Pleo’s behaviour at any moment. This article explains how this technological part is being developed and obtained technical results.Peer Reviewe

Externalising moods and psychological states in a cloud based system to enhance a pet-robot and child’s interaction

Background:This PATRICIA research project is about using pet robots to reduce pain and anxiety in hospitalized children. The study began 2 years ago and it is believed that the advances made in this project are significant. Patients, parents, nurses, psycholo- gists, and engineers have adopted the Pleo robot, a baby dinosaur robotic pet, which works in different ways to assist children during hospitalization. Methods: Focus is spent on creating a wireless communication system with the Pleo in order to help the coordinator, who conducts therapy with the child, monitor, under- stand, and control Pleo’s behavior at any moment. This article reports how this techno- logical function is being developed and tested. Results: Wireless communication between the Pleo and an Android device is achieved. The developed Android app allows the user to obtain any state of the robot without stopping its interaction with the patient. Moreover, information is sent to a cloud, so that robot moods, states and interactions can be shared among different robots. Conclusions: Pleo attachment was successful for more than 1 month, working with children in therapy, which makes the investment capable of positive therapeutic possibilities. This technical improvement in the Pleo addresses two key issues in social robotics: needing an enhanced response to maintain the attention and engagement of the child, and using the system as a platform to collect the states of the child’s progress for clinical purposes.Peer Reviewe

Externalising moods and psychological states to smooth pet-robot/child interaction through bluetooth communication

Nowadays have already passed more than two years since PATRICIA research project about using pet robots to reduce pain and anxiety in hospitalized children was started and the advances made are more than significant. Patients, parents, nurses, psychologists, engineers... all of them have adopted with illusion Pleo robot, a kind of robotic pet, working hard looking for new procedures and new solutions to the current pediatrics diseases. From this work, a technological contribution is provided going one step beyond to what seems a long path. Concretely, it is wanted to develop a system to wirelessly communicate with Pleo in order to help the coordinator who leads the therapy with the kid, to understand and control Pleo’s behaviour at any moment. This article explains how this technological part is being developed and obtained technical results.Peer Reviewe

L’Espagne en 1808

Napoléon avait promis aux Espagnols de régénérer leur vieille monarchie. Leur réponse fut la série d’insurrections qui, à partir du 2 mai 1808, éclata dans tout le pays. La situation était-elle pour autant révolutionnaire ? La Junte Suprême de Séville le nia avec force. Plus finement (ou plus naïvement) un député aux Cortès de Cadix déclarera plus tard qu’en Espagne il n’y avait pas de révolution, mais qu’on « les avait révolutionnés ». Afin de répondre à cette épineuse question nous avons fait appel à d’éminents spécialistes de la Guerre d’Indépendance anglais, espagnols, italiens, portugais et français. Cet ouvrage, qui se situe dans une perspective résolument comparatiste, examine, à partir des deux concepts de « régénération » (terme constamment utilisé par Napoléon pour justifier son intervention en Espagne) et de « révolution » (vocable utilisé à l’époque par les Espagnols et les premiers historiens du conflit), la conception et réception des projets de réformes que voulut imposer l’Empereur ainsi que le rôle joué par les médias dans cette extraordinaire guerre de propagande

The use of cost per life year gained as a measurement of cost-effectiveness in Spain: a systematic review of recent publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodological characteristics of cost-effectiveness evaluations carried out in Spain, since 1990, which include LYG as an outcome to measure the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. METHODS: A systematic review of published studies was conducted describing their characteristics and methodological quality. We analyse the cost per LYG results in relation with a commonly accepted Spanish cost-effectiveness threshold and the possible relation with the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained when they both were calculated for the same economic evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 62 economic evaluations fulfilled the selection criteria, 24 of them including the cost per QALY gained result as well. The methodological quality of the studies was good (55%) or very good (26%). A total of 124 cost per LYG results were obtained with a mean ratio of 49,529 and a median of 11,490 (standard deviation of 183,080). Since 2003, a commonly accepted Spanish threshold has been referenced by 66% of studies. A significant correlation was found between the cost per LYG and cost per QALY gained results (0.89 Spearman-Rho, 0.91 Pearson). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing interest for economic health care evaluations in Spain, and the quality of the studies is also improving. Although a commonly accepted threshold exists, further information is needed for decision-making as well as to identify the relationship between the costs per LYG and per QALY gained